1. Earth, in its primary sense, signifies the particles which compose the mass of the globe, but more particularly the particles which form the fine mold on the surface of the globe; or it denotes any indefinite mass or portion of that matter. We throw up earth with a spade or plow; we fill a pit or ditch with earth; we form a rampart with earth. This substance being considered, by ancient philosophers, as simple, was called an element; and in popular language, we still hear of the four elements, fire, air,earth, and water.
2. In chimistry, the term earth was, till lately, employed to denote a simple elementary body or substance, tasteless, inodorous, uninflammable and infusible. But it has also been applied to substances which have a very sensible alkaline taste, as lime. The primitive earths are reckoned ten in number, viz, silex, alumin, lime, magnesia, baryte, strontian, zircon, glucin, yttria and thorina. Recent experiments prove that most or all of them are compounds of oxygen with bases, some of which appear to possess the properties of metals. In this case the earths are to be considered as metallic oxyds.
3. The terraqueous globe which we inhabit. The earth is nearly spherical, but a little flatted at the poles, and hence its figure is called an oblate spheroid. It is one of the primary planets, revolving round the sun in an orbit which is between those of Venus and Mars. It is nearly eight thousand miles in diameter, and twenty five thousand miles in circumference. Its distance from the sun is about ninety five millions of miles,and its annual revolution constitutes the year of 365 days, 5 hours, and nearly 49 minutes.
4. The world, as opposed to other scenes of existence.
5. The inhabitants of the globe.
The whole earth was of one language. Gen.11.
6. Dry land, opposed to the sea.
God called the dry land earth. Gen.1.
7. Country; region; a distinct part of the globe.
In this sense, land or soil is more generally used.
In scripture, earth is used for a part of the world. Ezra. 1.2.
8. The ground; the surface of the earth. He fell to the earth. The ark was lifted above the earth.
In the second month--was the earth dried. Gen.8.
9. In scripture, things on the earth, are carnal, sensual, temporary things; opposed to heavenly, spiritual or divine things.
10. Figuratively, a low condition. Rev.12.
11. from ear, L. aro, to plow. The act of turning up the ground in tillage. Not used.
EARTH, v.t. To hide in the earth.
The fox is earthed.
1. To cover with earth or mold.
EARTH, v.i. To retire under ground; to burrow. Here foxes earthed.
RI'SING, ppr.
1. Getting up; ascending; mounting; springing; proceeding from; advancing; swelling; increasing; appearing above the horizon; reviving from death, &c.
2. Increasing in wealth, power or distinction; as a rising state; a rising character.
RI'SING, n.
1. The act of getting up from any recumbent or sitting posture.
2. The act of ascending; as the rising of vapor.
3. The act of closing a session, as of a public body; as the rising of the legislature.
4. The appearance of the sun or a star above the horizon.
5. The act of reviving from the dead; resurrection.
1. The splendid orb or luminary which, being in or near the center of our system of worlds, gives light and heat to all the planets. The light of the sun constitutes the day, and the darkness which proceeds form its absence, or the shade of the earth, constitutes the night. Ps.136.
2. In popular usage, a sunny place; a place where the beams of the sun fall; as, to stand in the sun, that is, to stand where the direct rays of the sun fall.
3. Any thing eminently splendid or luminous; that which is the chief source of light or honor. The natives of America complain that the sun of their glory is set.
I will never consent to put out the sun of sovereignty to posterity.
4. In Scripture, Christ is called the sun of righteousness, as the source of light, animation and comfort to his disciples.
5. The luminary or orb which constitutes the center of any system of worlds. The fixed stars are supposed to be suns in their respective systems.
Under the sun, in the world; on earth; a proverbial expression.
There is no new thing under the sun. Eccles.1.
SUN, v.t. To expose to the sun's rays; to warm or dry in the light of the sun; to insolate; as, to sun cloth; to sun grain.
going
GO'ING, ppr. from go. Moving; walking; traveling; turning; rolling; flying; sailing, &c.
GO'ING, n. The act of moving in any manner.
1. The act of walking.
2. Departure.
3. Pregnancy.
4. Procedure; way; course of life; behavior; deportment; used chiefly in the plural.
His eyes are on the ways of man, and he seeeth all his goings. Job.34.
5. Procedure; course of providential agency or government.
They have seen thy goings, O God; even the goings of my God, my King, in the sanctuary. Ps.68.
Going out,
Goings out, In scripture, utmost extremity or limit; the point where an extended body terminates.
1. The fine soft feathers of fowls, particularly of the duck kind. The eider duck yields the best kind. Also, fine hair; as the down of the chin.
2. The pubescence of plants, a fine hairy substance.
3. The pappus or little crown of certain seeds of plants; a fine feathery or hairy substance by which seeds are conveyed to distance by the wind; as in dandelion and thistle.
4. Any thing that soothes or mollifies.
Thou bosom softness; down of all my cares.
DOWN, n. G.
1. A bank or elevation of sand, thrown up by the sea.
2. A large open plain, primarily on elevated land. Sheep feeding on the downs.
DOWN, prep.
1. Along a descent; from a higher to a lower place; as, to run down a hill; to fall down a precipice; to go down the stairs.
2. Toward the mouth of a river, or toward the place where water is discharged into the ocean or a lake. We sail or swim down a stream; we sail down the sound from New York to New London. Hence figuratively, we pass down the current of life or of time.
Down the sound, in the direction of the ebb-tide towards of the sea.
Down the country, towards the sea, or towards the part where rivers discharge their waters into the ocean.
DOWN, adv.
1. In a descending direction; tending from a higher to a lower place; as, he is going down.
2. On the ground, or at the bottom; as, he is down; hold him down.
3. Below the horizon; as, the sun is down.
4. In the direction from a higher to a lower condition; as, his reputation is going down.
5. Into disrepute or disgrace. A man may sometimes preach down error; he may write down himself or his character, or run down his rival; but he can neither preach nor write down folly, vice or fashion.
6. Into subjection; into a due consistence; as, to boil down, in decoctions and culinary processes.
7. At length; extended or prostrate, on the ground or on any flat surface; as, to lie down; he is lying down.
Up and down, here and there; in a rambling course.
It is sometimes used without a verb, as down, down; in which cases, the sense is known by the construction.
Down with a building, is a command to pull it down, to demolish it.
Down with him, signifies, throw him.
Down, down, may signify, come down, or go down, or take down, lower.
It is often used by seamen, down with the fore sail, &c.
Locke uses it for go down, or be received; as, any kind of food will down; but the use is not elegant, nor legitimate.
Sidney uses it as a verb, To down proud hearts, to subdue or conquer them; but the use is not legitimate.
1. Without; on the outside; not within; on the exterior or beyond the limits of any inclosed place or given line; opposed to in or within; as, to go out and come in; to rush out.
2. Abroad; not at home. The master of the house is out; a colloquial phrase for gone out.
3. In a state of disclosure or discovery. The secret is out, that is, has come out, is disclosed. We shall find out the rogue.
4. Not concealed.
When these are gone, the woman will be out.
5. In a state of extinction. The candle or the fire is out.
6. In a state of being exhausted. The wine is out.
7. In a state of destitution. We are out of bread corn.
8. Not in office or employment. I care not who is in or who is out. He is out of business.
9. Abroad or from home, in a party, at church, in a parade, &c. He was not out today. The militia companies are out. The man was out in a frolic last night.
10. To the end.
Hear me out.
11. Loudly; without restraint; as, to laugh out.
12. Not in the hands of the owner. The land is out upon a lease.
13. In an error.
As a musician that will always play, and yet is always out at the same note.
14. At a loss; in a puzzle.
I have forgot my part, and I am out.
15. Uncovered; with clothes torn; as, to be out at the knees or elbows.
16. Away, so as to consume; as, to sleep out the best time in the morning.
17. Deficient; having expended. He was out of pocket. He was out fifty pounds.
18. It is used as an exclamation with the force of command, away; begone; as, out with the dog.
Out upon you, out upon it, expressions of dislike or contempt.
Out is much used as a modifier of verbs; as, to come out, to go out, to lead out, to run out, to leak out, to creep out, to flow out, to pass out, to look out, to burn out, to cut out, to saw out, to grow out, to spin out, to write out, to boil out, to beat out, &c. bearing the sense of issuing, extending, drawing from, separating, bringing to open view, or in short, the passing of a limit that incloses or restrains; or bearing the metaphorical sense of vanishing, coming to an end.
Out of. In this connection, out may be considered as adverb, and of as a preposition.
1. Proceeding from; as produce. Plants grow out of the earth. He paid me out of his own funds.
Keep thy heart with all diligence, for out of it are the issues of life. Prov. 4.
Out of the same mouth proceedeth blessing and cursing. James 3.
2. From or proceeding from a place, or the interior of a place; as, to take any thing out of the house. Mark 13.
3. Beyond; as out of the power of fortune.
They were astonished out of measure. Mark 10.
4. From, noting taking or derivation.
To whom he expounded and testified the kingdom of God, persuading them concerning Jesus, both out of the law of Moses, and out of the prophets. Acts 28.
5. Not in, noting extraordinary exertion.
Be instant in season, out of season. 2Tim. 4.
6. Not in, noting exclusion, dismission, departure, absence or dereliction; as out of favor; out of use; out of place; out of fashion.
7. Not in, noting unfitness or impropriety. He is witty out of season. The seed was sown out of season.
8. Not within, noting extraordinary delay; as, a ship is out of time.
9. Not within; abroad; as out of the door or house.
10. From, noting copy from an original; as, to cite or copy out of Horace.
11. From, noting rescue or liberation; as, to be delivered out of afflictions.
Christianity recovered the law of nature out of all those errors.
12. Not in, noting deviation, exorbitance or irregularity. This is out of all method; out of all rule. He goes out of his way to find cause of censure. He is out of order.
13. From, noting dereliction or departure. He will not be flattered or frightened out of his duty. He attempted to laugh men out of virtue.
14. From, noting loss or change of state. The mouth is out of taste; the instrument is out of tune.
15. Not according to, noting deviation; as, he acts or speaks out of character.
16. Beyond; not within the limits of; as, to be out of hearing, out of sight, out of reach. Time out of mind, is time beyond the reach of memory.
17. Noting loss or exhaustion, as, to be out of breath.
18. Noting loss; as out of hope.
19. By means of.
Out of that will I cause those of Cyprus to mutiny.
20. In consequence of, noting the motive, source or reason.
What they do not grant out of the generosity of their nature, they may grant out of mere impatience.
So we say, a thing is done out of envy, spite or ambition.
Out of hand, immediately, as that is easily used which is ready in the hand.
Gather we our forces out of hand.
Out of print, denotes that a book is not in market, or to be purchased; the copies printed having been all sold.
OUT, v.t To eject; to expel; to deprive by expulsion.
The French having been outed of their holds.
In composition, out signifies beyond, more, ejection or extension.
For the participles of the following compounds, see the simple verbs.
- 2.(in Christian thought) the heavenly city or kingdom of heaven.
PER'FECT, a. L. perfectus, perficio, to complete; per and facio, to do or make through, to carry to the end.
1. Finished; complete; consummate; not defective; having all that is requisite to its nature and kind; as a perfect statue; a perfect likeness; a perfect work; a perfect system.
As full, as perfect in a hair as heart.
2. Fully informed; completely skilled; as men perfect in the use of arms; perfect in discipline.
3. Complete in moral excellencies.
Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father who is in heaven is perfect. Matt.5.
4. Manifesting perfection.
My strength is made perfect in weakness. 2 Cor.12.
Perfect chord,in music, a concord or union of sounds which is perfectly coalescent and agreeable to the ear, as the fifth and the octave; a perfect consonance.
A perfect flower, in botany, has both stamen and pistil, or at least another and stigma.
Perfect tense, in grammar, the preterit tense; a tense which expresses an act completed.
PER'FECT, v.t. L. perfectus, perficio. To finish or complete so as to leave nothing wanting; to give to any thing all that is requisite to its nature and kind; as, to perfect a picture or statue. 2 Chron.8.
-Inquire into the nature and properties of things, and thereby perfect our ideas of distinct species.
If we love one another, God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfected in us. 1 John 4.
1. To instruct fully; to make fully skillful; as, to perfect one's self in the rules of music or architecture; to perfect soldiers in discipline.
beauty
BEAU'TY, n. bu'ty.
1. An assemblage of graces, or an assemblage of properties in the form of the person or any other object, which pleases the eye. In the person, due proportion or symmetry of parts constitutes the most essential property to which we annex the term beauty. In the face, the regularity and symmetry of the features, the color of the skin, the expression of the eye, are among the principal properties which constitute beauty. But as it is hardly possible to define all the properties which constitute beauty, we may observe in general, that beauty consists in whatever pleases the eye of the beholder, whether in the human body, in a tree, in a landscape, or in any other object.
Beauty is intrinsic, and perceived by the eye at first view, or relative, to perceive which the aid of the understanding and reflection is requisite. Thus, the beauty of a machine is not perceived, till we understand its uses, and adaptation to its purpose. This is called the beauty of utility. By any easy transition, the word beauty is used to express what is pleasing to the other senses, or to the understanding. Thus we say, the beauty of a thought, of a remark, of sound, &c.
So beauty, armed with virtue, bows the soul
With a commanding, but a sweet control.
2. A particular grace, feature or ornament; any particular thing which is beautiful and pleasing; as the beauties of nature.
3. A particular excellence, or a part which surpasses in excellence that with which it is united; as the beauties of an author.
4. A beautiful person, In scripture, the chief dignity or ornament. 2 Sam.1.
5. In the arts, symmetry of parts; harmony; justness of composition.
6. Joy and gladness. Is.61. Order, prosperity,peace,holiness, Ezek. 26.
BEAU'TY, v.t. bu'ty. To adorn; to beautify or embellish. God
hath shined.
shine
SHINE, v.i. If s is a prefix, this word accords with the root of L. canus, caneo.
1. To emit rays of light; to give light; to beam with steady radiance; to exhibit lightness or splendor; as, the sun shines by day; the moon shines by night. Shining differs from sparkling, glistening, glittering, as it usually implies a steady radiation or emission of light, whereas the latter words usually imply irregular or interrupted radiation. This distinction is not always not always observed, and we may say, the fixed stars shine, as well as they sparkle. But we never say the sun or the moon sparkles.
2. To be bright; to be lively and animated; to be brilliant.
Let thine eyes shine forth in their full luster. Denham.
3. To be unclouded; as, the moon shines.
COME, v.i.
1. To move towards; to advance near, in any manner, and from any distance. We say, the men come this way, whether riding or on foot; the wind comes from the west; the ship comes with a fine breeze; light comes from the sun. It is applicable perhaps to every thing susceptible of motion, and is opposed to go.
2. To draw nigh; to approach; to arrive; to be present
Come thou and all thy house into the ark. Gen. 7.
All my time will I wait, till my change come. Job 14.
When shall I come and appear before God? Ps. 42.
Then shall the end come. Matt. 24.
Thy kingdom come; thy will be done. Matt. 6.
The time has come.
3. To advance and arrive at some state or condition; as, the ships came to action; the players came to blows; is it come to this?
His sons come to honor and he knoweth it not. Job 14.
I wonder how he came to know what had been done; how did he come by his knowledge? the heir comes into possession of his estate; the man will come in time to abhor the vices of his youth, or he will come to be poor and despicable, or to poverty.
In these and similar phrases, we observe the process or advance is applied to the body or to the mind, indifferently; and to persons or events.
4. To happen or fall out; as, how comes that? Let come what will. Hence when followed by an object or person, with to or on, to befall; to light on.
After all that has come on us for our evil deeds. Ezra 9.
All things come alike to all. Eccles. 9.
5. To advance or move into view; to appear; as, blood or color comes and goes in the face.
6. To sprout, as plants; to spring. The corn comes or comes up. In the coming or sprouting of malt, as it must not come too little, so it must not come too much. So Bacon uses the word; and this use of it coincides nearly with the sense of 2 Kings 19:26 and in the same chapter inserted in Isaiah 34:27. It is the G. Kiemen, Icelandic kiema, to bud, or germinate.
7. To become.
So came I a widow.
8. To appear or be formed, as butter; to advance or change from cream to butter; a common use of the word; as, the butter comes.
9. Come, in the imperative, is used to excite attention, or to invite to motion or joint action; come, let us go.
This is the heir; come, let us kill him.
When repeated, it sometimes expresses haste; come, come. Sometimes if expresses or introduces rebuke.
As the sense of come is to move, in almost any manner, in its various applications, that sense is modified indefinitely by other words used in connection with it. Thus with words expressing approach, it denotes advancing nearer; with words expressing departure, as from, of, out of, &c., it denotes motion from, &c.
To come about, to happen; to fall out; to come to pass; to arrive. How did these tings come about? So the French venir a bout, to come to the end, that is, to arrive.
To come about, to turn; to change; to come round. The wind will come about from west to east. The ship comes about. It is applied to a change of sentiments.
On better thoughts, and my urged reasons,
They are come about, and won to the true side.
To come again, to return. Gen. 28., Lev. 14.
To come after, to follow. Matt. 24. Also to come to obtain; as, to come after a book.
To come at, to reach; to arrive within reach of; to gain; to come so near as to be able to take or possess. We prize those most who are hardest to come at. To come at a true knowledge of ourselves.
Also, to come towards, as in attacking.
To come away, to depart from; to leave; to issue from.
To come back, to return.
To come by, to pass near; a popular phrase. Also, to obtain, gain, acquire; that is, to come near, at or close. Examine how you came by all your state.
This is not an irregular or improper use of this word. It is precisely equivalent to possess, to sit by. See Possess.
To come down, to descend.
The Lord will come down on mount Sinai. Ex 19.
Also, to be humbled or abased.
Your principalities shall come down. Jer. 13.
Come down from thy glory. Jer. 48.
To come for, to come to get or obtain; to come after.
To come forth, to issue or proceed from. Gen. 15., Is. 11., Micah 5.
Also, to depart from; to leave. Mark 9.
Also, to come abroad. Jer. 4.
To come from, to depart from to leave. In popular language, this phrase is equivalent to, where is his native place or former place of residence; where did this man, this animal or this plant originate.
To come home, that is, to come to home, or the house; to arrive at the dwelling. Hence, to come close; to press closely; to touch the feelings, interest, or reason.
Come is an intransitive verb, but the participle come is much used with the substantive verb, in the passive form. The end of all flesh is come. I am come, thou art come, he is come, we are come, &c. This use of the substantive verb, for have, is perhaps too well established to be rejected; but have or has should be used in such phrases. In the phrase, come Friday, come Candlemas, there is an ellipsis of certain words, as when Friday shall come.
Come, come, the repetition of come, expresses haste, or exhortation to hasten. Sometimes it introduces a threat.
KEEP, v.t. pret. and pp. kept. L. habeo, and capio.
1. To hold; to retain in one's power or possession; not to lose or part with; as, to keep a house or a farm; to keep any thing in the memory, mind or heart.
2. To have in custody for security or preservation.
The crown of Stephanus, first king of Hungary,was always kept in the castle of Vicegrade.
3. To preserve; to retain.
The Lord God, merciful and gracious, keeping mercy for thousands--Ex.34.
4. To preserve from falling or from danger; to protect; to guard or sustain.
And behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee. Gen.28. Luke 4.
5. To hold or restrain from departure; to detain.
--That I may know what keeps me here with you.
6. To tend; to have the care of.
And the Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden, to dress it and to keep it. Gen.2.
7. To tend; to feed; to pasture; as, to keep a flock of sheep or a herd of cattle in a yard or in a field. He keeps his horses on oats or on hay.
8. To preserve in any tenor or state. Keep a stiff rein.
Keep the constitution sound.
9. To regard; to attend to.
While the stars and course of heaven I keep--
10. To hold in any state; as, to keep in order.
11. To continue any state, course or action; as, to keep silence; to keep the same road or the same pace; to keep reading or talking; to keep a given distance.
12. To practice; to do or perform; to obey; to observe in practice; not to neglect or violate; as, to keep the laws, statutes or commandments of God.
13. To fulfill; to perform; as, to keep one's word,promise or covenant.
14. To practice; to use habitually; as, to keep bad hours.
15. To copy carefully.
Her servant's eyes were fix'd upon her face,
And as she moved or turned,her motions viewed,
Her measures kept, and step by step pursued.
16. To observe or solemnize.
17. To board; to maintain; to supply with necessaries of life. The men are kept at a moderate price per week.
18. To have in the house; to entertain; as, to keep lodgers.
19. To maintain; not to intermit; as, to keep watch or guard.
20. To hold in one's own bosom; to confine to one's own knowledge; not to disclose or communicate to others; not to betray; as, to keep a secret; to keep one's own counsel.
21. To have in pay; as, to keep a servant.
To keep back, to reserve; to withhold; not to disclose or communicate.
I will keep nothing back from you. Jer.42.
1. To restrain;; to prevent from advancing.
Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins. Ps.19.
2. To reserve; to withhold; not to deliver. Acts.5.
To keep company with, to frequent the society of; to associate with. Let youth keep company with the wise and good.
To accompany; to go with; as, to keep company with one on a journey or voyage.
To keep down, to prevent from rising; not to lift or suffer to be raised.
To keep in, to prevent from escape; to hold in confinement.
1. To conceal; not to tell or disclose.
2. To restrain; to curb.
To keep off, to hinder from approach or attack; as, to keep off an enemy or an evil.
To keep under, to restrain; to hold in subjection; as, to keep under an antagonist or a conquered country; to keep under the appetites and passions.
To keep up, to maintain; to prevent from falling or diminution; as, to keep up the price of goods; to keep up one's credit.
1. To maintain; to continue; to hinder from ceasing.
In joy, that which keeps up the action is the desire to continue it.keep out, to hinder from entering or taking possession.
To keep bed, to remain in bed without rising; to be confined to one's bed.
To keep house, to maintain a family state.
His income enables him to keep house.
1. To remain in the house; to be confined.
His feeble health obliges him to keep house.
To keep from, to restrain; to prevent approach.
To keep a school, to maintain or support it; as, the town or its inhabitants keep ten schools; more properly, to govern and instruct or teach a school, as a preceptor.
KEEP, v.i. To remain in any state; as, to keep at a distance; to keep aloft; to keep near; to keep in the house; to keep before or behind; to keep in favor; to keep out of company, or out of reach.
1. To last; to endure; not to perish or be impaired. Seek for winter's use apples that will keep.
If the malt is not thoroughly dried,the ale it makes will not keep.
2. To lodge; to dwell; to reside for a time.
Knock at the study, where, they say, he keeps.
To keep to, to adhere strictly; not to neglect or deviate from; as, to keep to old customs; to keep to a rule; to keep to one's word or promise.
To keep on, to go forward; to proceed; to continue to advance.
To keep up, to remain unsubdued; or not to be confined to one's bed.
In popular language, this word signifies to continue; to repeat continually; not to cease.
KEEP, n. Custody; guard. Little used.
1. Colloquially, case; condition; as in good keep.
2. Guardianship; restraint. Little used.
3. A place of confinement; in old castles,the dungeon.
SI'LENCE, n. L. silentium, from sileo, to be still.
1. In a general sense, stillness, or entire absence of sound or noise; as the silence of midnight.
2. In animals, the state of holding the peace; forbearance of speech in man, or of noise in other animals. I was dumb with silence; I held my peace, even from good. Ps 39.
3. Habitual taciturnity; opposed to loquacity.
4. Secrecy. These things were transacted in silence.
5. Stillness; calmness; quiet; cessation of rage, agitation or tumult; as the elements reduced to silence.
6. Absence of mention; oblivion, Eternal silence be their doom. And what most merits fame, in silence hid.
7. Silence, in used elliptically for let there be silence, an injunction to keep silence.
SI'LENCE, v. t.
1. To oblige to hold the peace; to restrain from noise or speaking.
2. To still; to quiet; to restrain; to appease. This would silence all further opposition. These would have silenced their scruples.
3. To stop; as, to silence complaints or clamor.
4. To still; to cause to cease firing; as, to silence guns or a battery.
5. To restrain from preaching by revoking a license to preach; as, to silence a minister of the gospel. The Rev. Thomas Hooker, of Chelmsford in Essex, was silenced for non-conformity.
6. To put an end to; to cause to cease. The question between agriculture and commerce has received a decision which has silenced the rivalships between them.
fire
FIRE, n. The radical sense of fire is usually, to rush, to rage, to be violently agitated; and if this is the sense of fire, in coincides with L. furo. It may be from shining or consuming.
1. Heat and light emanating visibly, perceptibly and simultaneously from any body; caloric; the unknown cause of the sensation of heat and of the retrocession of the homogeneous particles of bodies from one another, producing expansion, and thus enlarging all their dimensions; one of the causes of magnetism, as evinced by Dr. Hare's calorimotor.
In the popular acceptation of the word, fire is the effect of combustion. The combustible body ignited or heated to redness we call fire; and when ascending in a stream or body, we call it flame. A piece of charcoal in combustion, is of a red color and very hot. In this state it is said to be on fire, or to contain fire. When combustion ceases, it loses its redness and extreme heat, and we say, the fire is extinct.
2. The burning of fuel on a hearth, or in any other place. We kindle a fire in the morning, and at night we rake up the fire. Anthracite will maintain fire during the night.
3. The burning of a house or town; a conflagration. Newburyport and Savannah have suffered immense losses by fire. The great fire in Boston in 1711 consumed a large part of the town.
4. Light; luster; splendor.
Stars, hide your fires!
5. Torture by burning.
6. The instrument of punishment; or the punishment of the impenitent in another state.
Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? Is. 33.
7. That which inflames or irritates the passions.
What fire is in my ears?
8. Ardor of temper; violence of passion.
He had fire in his temper.
9. Liveliness of imagination; vigor of fancy; intellectual activity; animation; force of sentiment or expression.
And warm the critic with a poet's fire.
10. The passion of love; ardent affection.
The God of love retires; dim are his torches, and extinct his fires.
11. Ardor; heat; as the fire of zeal or of love.
12. Combustion; tumult; rage; contention.
13. Trouble; affliction.
When thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burnt. Is. 43.
To set on fire, to kindle; to inflame; to excite violent action.
St. Anthony's fire, a disease marked by an eruption on the skin, or a diffused inflammation, with fever; the Erysipelas.
Wild fire, an artificial or factitious fire, which burns even under water. it is made by a composition of sulphur, naphtha, pitch, gum and bitumen. It is called also Greek fire.
FIRE, v.t.
1. To set on fire; to kindle; as, to fire a house or chimney; to fire a pile.
2. To inflame; to irritate the passions; as, to fire with anger or revenge.
3. To animate; to give life or spirit; as, to fire the genius.
4. To drive by fire. Little used.
5. To cause to explode; to discharge; as, to fire a musket or cannon.
6. To cauterize; a term in farriery.
FIRE, v.i.
1. To take fire; to be kindled.
2. To be irritated or inflamed with passion.
3. To discharge artillery or firearms. They fired on the town.
1. To eat up; to eat with greediness; to eat ravenously, as a beast of prey, or as a hungry man.
We will say, some evil beast hath devoured him. Genesis 37.
In the morning, he shall devour the prey. Genesis 49.
2. To destroy; to consume with rapidity and violence.
I will send a fire into the house of Hazael, which shall devour the palaces of Ben-Hadad. Amos 1.
Famine and pestilence shall devour him. Ezekiel 7.
3. To destroy; to annihilate; to consume.
He seemed in swiftness to devour the way.
4. To waste; to consume; to spend in dissipation and riot.
As soon as this thy son had come, who hath devoured thy living with harlots. Luke 15.
5. To consume wealth and substance by fraud, oppression, or illegal exactions.
Ye devour widows houses. Matthew 23.
6. To destroy spiritually; to ruin the soul.
Your adversary, the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour. 1 Peter 5.
7. To slay.
The sword shall devour the young lions. Nahum 2.
8. To enjoy with avidity.
Longing they look, and gaping at the sight, devour her oer and oer with vast delight.
2. Blowing with violence; as a tempestuous wind.
1. Cylindrical; circular; spherical or globular. Round is applicable to a cylinder as well as to a globe or sphere. We say, the barrel of a musket is round; a ball is round; a circle is round.
2. Full; large; as a round sum or price.
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